Deferred Tax Explained In Bengali
Understanding deferred tax can be tricky, especially when you're dealing with financial terms in a different language. So, let's break down what deferred tax actually means in Bengali. This article will cover the basics, why it happens, and how to think about it, all in simple terms. It is aimed at providing a comprehensive yet easy-to-understand explanation of deferred tax in Bengali.
What is Deferred Tax?
In the world of finance, deferred tax āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ (hochche) āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ (emon ekta bishoy) āϝāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦāĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ (hishabkaaler) āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (moddhe parthokko) āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠(srishti kore). Think of it as the difference between what a company reports as its income tax expense on its income statement and what it actually pays to the government in taxes. āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (Ei parthokko) āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ (shadharonoto) āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ (osthayi) āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ (hoye thake), āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠(mane) āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ (ek shomoy) āĻĒāϰ āĻ āĻŋāĻ (por thik) āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ (hoye jay).
Deferred tax arises due to temporary differences between the accounting treatment and the tax treatment of certain assets and liabilities. For instance, depreciation is a common example. A company might use accelerated depreciation for tax purposes to reduce its current tax liability, while using straight-line depreciation for accounting purposes to show a more consistent profit. This discrepancy creates a deferred tax liability. Conversely, if tax depreciation is lower than accounting depreciation, it results in a deferred tax asset. āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠(Bujhte) āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻā§ (parcho)? The main reason this occurs is because accounting rules (like IFRS or GAAP) and tax rules often have different ways of calculating income and expenses. Deferred tax āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ (hochche) āϏā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰ (sei parthokkotaar) āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ (hisaab).
āϝāĻāύ (Jokhon) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (ekti kompani) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ āϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āύ⧠(tax return-e) āĻāĻŽ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (kom tax) āĻĻā§ā§ (deoy), āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(kintu) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠(arthik bibritite) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžā§ (beshi dekhay), āϤāĻāύ (tokhon) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ āϞāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (deferred tax liability) āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ (srishti) āĻšā§ (hoy). This means the company will eventually have to pay the extra tax in the future. āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ (Abar), āϝāĻāύ (jokhon) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ āϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āύ⧠(tax return-e) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (beshi tax) āĻĻā§ā§ (deoy), āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(kintu) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠(arthik bibritite) āĻāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžā§ (kom dekhay), āϤāĻāύ (tokhon) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ (deferred tax asset) āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ (srishti) āĻšā§ (hoy). This means the company will get a tax benefit in the future. In essence, deferred tax ensures that companies account for the future tax consequences of their current transactions. It provides a more accurate picture of a company's financial health by reflecting the true tax burden over time. Itâs all about matching the tax expense to the period in which the related revenue or expense is recognized.
āĻŽāύ⧠(Mone) āĻāϰ⧠(koro), āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (ekti kompani) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻļāĻŋāύ (ekti machine) āĻāĻŋāύā§āĻā§ (kinache). Accounting-āĻāϰ (Accounting-er) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āϤāĻžāϰāĻž (tara) ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰ⧠(10 bochore) āĻŽā§āĻļāĻŋāύā§āϰ (machine-er) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(kintu) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāϰ⧠(5 bochore). āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ (prothom) ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāϰ⧠(5 bochore) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ⧠(tax-e) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (beshi mullohrahs) āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ (howay), āϤāĻžāϰāĻž (tara) āĻāĻŽ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (kom tax) āĻĻā§ā§ (deoy). āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(kintu), āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ā§ (accounting-e) āĻāĻŽ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (kom mullohrahs) āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ (howay), āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ (tader) āϞāĻžāĻ (laabh) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ (beshi) āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ (dekhay). āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝā§āϰ (ei parthokker) āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ (karone) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (deferred tax) āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ (srishti) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy). āϝāĻāύ (jokhon) āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (ei parthokko) āĻļā§āώ (sesh) āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ (hoye jabe), āϤāĻāύ (tokhon) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏāĻ (deferred tax-o) āĻļā§āώ (sesh) āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ (hoye jabe).
Why Does Deferred Tax Arise?
So, why does this deferred tax situation even happen? āĻāĻŋ (Ki) āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ (karone) āĻāĻ āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (deferred tax) āĻĻā§āĻāĻž (dekha) āϝāĻžā§ (jay)? Well, it's primarily because accounting rules and tax rules aren't always on the same page. āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ (arthik) āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻāĻžāύā§āύ (niomkanun) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻāĻžāύā§āύ (niomkanun) āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ (sobshomoy) āĻāĻ (ek) āϰāĻāĻŽ (rokom) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy) āύāĻž (na). Hereâs a breakdown of the common reasons:
- Different Depreciation Methods: Companies might use accelerated depreciation for tax purposes and straight-line depreciation for accounting. āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (Tax-er) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ (druto) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ā§āϰ (accounting-er) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āϏāϰāϞāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (sorolroikhik) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ (byabohar) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy).
- Revenue Recognition: Revenue might be recognized at different times for accounting and tax purposes. āĻāϝāĻŧ (Aay) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (accounting) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ (vibhinno) āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ (shomoye) āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ (swikriti) āĻĒā§āϤ⧠(pete) āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠(pare).
- Expense Deductions: Some expenses might be deductible for tax purposes in one period but recognized for accounting purposes in another. āĻāĻŋāĻā§ (kichu) āĻāϰāĻ (khoroch) āĻāĻ (ek) āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦāĻāĻžāϞ⧠(hishabkale) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āĻāϰā§āϤāύāϝā§āĻā§āϝ (kortonjoggo) āĻšāϤ⧠(hote) āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠(pare), āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(kintu) āĻ āύā§āϝ (onno) āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦāĻāĻžāϞ⧠(hishabkale) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ā§āϰ (accounting-er) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤ (swikrito) āĻšāϤ⧠(hote) āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠(pare).
- Provisions and Accruals: Provisions for future expenses (like warranty costs) might be recognized in the financial statements before they become tax-deductible. āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ (Bhabisyoter) āĻāϰāĻā§āϰ (khorocher) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ (bidhan) (āϝā§āĻŽāύ (jemon) āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰā§āύā§āĻāĻŋ (warranty) āĻāϰāĻ (khoroch)) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ (katar) āĻāĻā§ (age) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ (arthik) āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠(bibritite) āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤ (swikrito) āĻšāϤ⧠(hote) āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠(pare).
Letâs dive deeper into these reasons with some examples. āϧāϰā§āύ (Dhorun), āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (company) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āύāϤā§āύ (notun) āĻŽā§āĻļāĻŋāύ (machine) āĻāĻŋāύā§āĻā§ (kineche). For accounting purposes, the company uses straight-line depreciation, spreading the cost evenly over the machine's useful life (say, 10 years). āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ā§āϰ (Accounting-er) āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠(uddeshe), āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (companyti) āϏāϰāϞāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (sorolroikhik) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ (byabohar) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āĻŽā§āĻļāĻŋāύā§āϰ (machine-er) āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϰ⧠(dorkari) āĻā§āĻŦāύāĻāĻžāϞ⧠(jibonkale) āĻāϰāĻ (khoroch) āϏāĻŽāĻžāύāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ (samaanbhabe) āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ (choriye) āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ (deoy) (āϧāϰāĻž (dhara) āϝāĻžāĻ (jak), ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰ (10 bochor)). However, for tax purposes, the company uses an accelerated depreciation method like the declining balance method, which allows them to deduct more depreciation expense in the early years. āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(Kintu), āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠(uddeshe), āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (companyti) āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ (druto) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ (poddhoti) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ (byabohar) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āϝā§āĻŽāύ (jemon) āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻŽāĻžāύ (kromhrashman) āĻā§āϰ (jer) āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ (poddhoti), āϝāĻž (ja) āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ (tader) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ (prothom) āĻŦāĻāϰāĻā§āϞā§āϤ⧠(bochorgulote) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ (beshi) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻāϰāĻ (khoroch) āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ (katar) āĻ āύā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ (anumoti) āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ (deoy). In the early years, the tax depreciation expense will be higher than the accounting depreciation expense. āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ (prothom) āĻŦāĻāϰāĻā§āϞā§āϤ⧠(bochorgulote), āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻāϰāĻ (khoroch) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (accounting) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻāϰāĻā§āϰ (khorocher) āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ (cheye) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ (beshi) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe). This creates a temporary difference, leading to a deferred tax liability. āĻāĻāĻŋ (eti) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ (osthayi) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (parthokko) āϤā§āϰāĻŋ (toiri) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āϝāĻž (ja) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϞāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ (liability) āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ (dike) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ (porichalito) āĻāϰ⧠(kore).
Another example is revenue recognition. āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ (Arokti) āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ (udhahoron) āĻšāϞ⧠(holo) āĻāϝāĻŧ (aay) āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ (swikriti). Suppose a company receives an advance payment for services to be rendered in the future. āϧāϰā§āύ (Dhorun), āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (company) āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠(bhabisyote) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ (prodhan) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe) āĻāĻŽāύ (emon) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ (porishebar) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ (ogrim) āĻĒā§āĻŽā§āύā§āĻ (payment) āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ (pay). For accounting purposes, the company doesn't recognize the revenue until the services are actually performed. āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ā§āϰ (Accounting-er) āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠(uddeshe), āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (companyti) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻŦāĻž (porisheba) āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻĒāĻā§āώ⧠(prokritobhabe) āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ (sampadan) āύāĻž (na) āĻāϰāĻž (pora) āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ (porjonto) āĻāϝāĻŧ (aay) āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ (swikriti) āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ (deoy) āύāĻž (na). However, for tax purposes, the company might have to include the advance payment in its taxable income immediately. āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(Kintu), āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠(uddeshe), āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻā§ (companytike) āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§ (obilombe) āϤāĻžāϰ (tar) āĻāϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝ (korjoggo) āĻāϝāĻŧā§ (aaye) āĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ (ogrim) āĻĒā§āĻŽā§āύā§āĻ (payment) āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ (antorbhukto) āĻāϰāϤ⧠(hote) āĻšāϤ⧠(pare). This creates a temporary difference, leading to a deferred tax asset. āĻāĻāĻŋ (Eti) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ (osthayi) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (parthokko) āϤā§āϰāĻŋ (toiri) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āϝāĻž (ja) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻā§āϰ (asset) āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ (dike) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ (porichalito) āĻāϰ⧠(kore).
Deferred Tax Asset vs. Deferred Tax Liability
Now, letâs clarify the difference between a deferred tax asset and a deferred tax liability. āĻāĻāύ (Ekhon), āĻāϏā§āύ (asun) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ (asset) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϞāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ (liability) āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠(moddhe) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (parthokko) āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ (sposto) āĻāϰāĻŋ (kori). āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (Deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ (asset) āĻāĻŋ (ki)? āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (Deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϞāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (liability) āĻāĻŋ (ki)? This is a crucial distinction. āĻāĻāĻŋ (Eti) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ (guruttopurno) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (parthokko).
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Deferred Tax Asset: A deferred tax asset arises when the amount of taxes payable in the future is expected to be less than what is currently reported in the financial statements. āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (Deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ (asset) āϤāĻāύ (tokhon) āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ (srishti) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy) āϝāĻāύ (jokhon) āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠(bhabisyote) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ (prodeyo) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ (poriman) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ (arthik) āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠(bibritite) āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠(bortomane) āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻ (report) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āϰ (porimaner) āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ (cheye) āĻāĻŽ (kom) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe) āĻŦāϞ⧠(bole) āĻāĻļāĻž (asha) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy). This typically happens when a company has paid more tax than it has reported as an expense in its income statement. āĻāĻāĻŋ (Eti) āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ (shadharonoto) āϤāĻāύ (tokhon) āĻāĻā§ (ghote) āϝāĻāύ (jokhon) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (company) āϤāĻžāϰ (tar) āĻāϝāĻŧ (aay) āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠(bibritite) āĻāϰāĻ (khoroch) āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ (hisabe) āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻ (report) āĻāϰāĻžāϰ (karar) āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ (cheye) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ (beshi) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧ (porishodh) āĻāϰ⧠(kore). Itâs like having a prepaid tax. āĻāĻāĻž (eta) āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻāĻĄ (prepaid) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻŽāϤ⧠(moto). For example, if a company has incurred a loss that it can carry forward to offset future taxable income, this creates a deferred tax asset. āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ (Udahoronshorup), āϝāĻĻāĻŋ (jodi) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ (company) āĻā§āύ⧠(kono) āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋ (khoti) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy) āϝāĻž (ja) āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠(bhabisyote) āĻāϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝ (korjoggo) āĻāϝāĻŧ (aay) āĻāĻŽāĻžāϤ⧠(komate) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ (byabohar) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ (jabe), āϤāĻŦā§ (tobe) āĻāĻāĻŋ (eti) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ (asset) āϤā§āϰāĻŋ (toiri) āĻāϰ⧠(kore).
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Deferred Tax Liability: A deferred tax liability arises when the amount of taxes payable in the future is expected to be more than what is currently reported in the financial statements. āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (Deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϞāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (liability) āϤāĻāύ (tokhon) āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ (srishti) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy) āϝāĻāύ (jokhon) āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠(bhabisyote) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ (prodeyo) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ (poriman) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ (arthik) āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠(bibritite) āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠(bortomane) āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻ (report) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āϰ (porimaner) āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ (cheye) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ (beshi) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe) āĻŦāϞ⧠(bole) āĻāĻļāĻž (asha) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āĻšāϝāĻŧ (hoy). This typically happens when a company has reported less tax than it actually owes, deferring the payment to a later period. āĻāĻāĻŋ (Eti) āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ (shadharonoto) āϤāĻāύ (tokhon) āĻāĻā§ (ghote) āϝāĻāύ (jokhon) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (company) āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻĒāĻā§āώ⧠(prokritobhabe) āϤāĻžāϰ (tar) āĻāĻŖā§ (rini) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ (cheye) āĻāĻŽ (kom) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻ (report) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠(poroborti) āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ (shomoyer) āĻāύā§āϝ (jonno) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧ (porishodh) āϏā§āĻĨāĻāĻŋāϤ (sthagito) āĻāϰ⧠(kore). Itâs like having an unpaid tax bill that you'll have to settle later. āĻāĻāĻž (eta) āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧāĻŋāϤ (oporishodhito) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻŦāĻŋāϞā§āϰ (biler) āĻŽāϤ⧠(moto) āϝāĻž (ja) āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāĻā§ (apnake) āĻĒāϰ⧠(pore) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧ (porishodh) āĻāϰāϤ⧠(hote) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe). For example, if a company uses accelerated depreciation for tax purposes and straight-line depreciation for accounting purposes, it will have a deferred tax liability. āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ (Udahoronshorup), āϝāĻĻāĻŋ (jodi) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (company) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠(uddeshe) āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ (druto) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ā§āϰ (accounting-er) āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠(uddeshe) āϏāϰāϞāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (sorolroikhik) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ (mullohrahs) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ (byabohar) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āϤāĻŦā§ (tobe) āϤāĻžāϰ (tar) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϞāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (liability) āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ (thakbe).
How to Think About Deferred Tax
So, how should you actually think about deferred tax? āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠(Tahole), āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ (apnar) āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ (kivabe) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ (niye) āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻž (bhaba) āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ (uchit)? It can seem complicated, but hereâs a simplified way to approach it: āĻāĻāĻŋ (Eti) āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ (jotil) āĻŽāύ⧠(mone) āĻšāϤ⧠(hote) āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠(pare), āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠(kintu) āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠(ekhane) āĻāĻāĻŋ (eti) āϏāĻšāĻ (sohoj) āĻāϰāĻžāϰ (karar) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ (upay) āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ (royese):
- Understand the Temporary Differences: Identify the specific differences between accounting and tax rules that are causing the deferred tax. āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ (osthayi) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞ⧠(parthokkogylo) āĻŦā§āĻā§āύ (bujhun): āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (accounting) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽā§āϰ (niyomer) āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠(moddhe) āϝ⧠(je) āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ (nirdisto) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞ⧠(parthokkogylo) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ (srishti) āĻāϰāĻā§ (korche) āϤāĻž (ta) āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ (chinhito) āĻāϰā§āύ (korun).
- Assess Future Tax Implications: Determine whether these differences will result in higher or lower taxes in the future. āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ (bhabisyoter) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ (probhab) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ (mulyayan) āĻāϰā§āύ (korun): āĻāĻ (ei) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞā§āϰ (parthokkogylo) āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ (karone) āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠(bhabisyote) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ (beshi) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe) āύāĻžāĻāĻŋ (naki) āĻāĻŽ (kom) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe) āϤāĻž (ta) āύāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ (nirdharon) āĻāϰā§āύ (korun).
- Consider the Time Horizon: Remember that deferred tax is a temporary phenomenon. āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻāĻžāϞ (shoyokall) āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž (bichorona) āĻāϰā§āύ (korun): āĻŽāύ⧠(mone) āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āύ (rakhben) āϝ⧠(je) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ (osthayi) āĻāĻāύāĻž (ghotona). The differences will eventually reverse, and the deferred tax asset or liability will be settled. āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞ⧠(parthokkogylo) āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āώ⧠(oboseshe) āĻāϞā§āĻā§ (ulte) āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ (jabe), āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ (asset) āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž (othoba) āϞāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋ (liability) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧ (porishodh) āĻāϰāĻž (kora) āĻšāĻŦā§ (hobe).
Deferred tax is not necessarily a bad thing. āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (Deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ (sobshomoy) āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ (kharap) āĻāĻŋāĻā§ (kichu) āύāϝāĻŧ (noy). Itâs simply a consequence of the different rules that govern accounting and taxation. āĻāĻāĻŋ (Eti) āĻā§āĻŦāϞ (kebol) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (accounting) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āĻļāύāĻā§ (taxationke) āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ (niyontron) āĻāϰ⧠(kore) āĻāĻŽāύ (emon) āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ (vibhinno) āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽā§āϰ (niyomer) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ (folafol). Understanding it helps you get a more accurate picture of a company's financial position and future tax obligations. āĻāĻāĻŋ (Eti) āĻŦā§āĻāĻž (bujha) āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāĻā§ (apnake) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ (company) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ (arthik) āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž (obosta) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ (bhabisyoter) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāϧāĻāϤāĻžāĻā§āϞā§āϰ (badhyobadokatagulo) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻāϰ⧠(aro) āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻā§āϞ (nirbhul) āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ (chittro) āĻĒā§āϤ⧠(pete) āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ (sahajjo) āĻāϰ⧠(kore). By grasping the concept of deferred tax, you can make more informed decisions when analyzing financial statements and evaluating the tax efficiency of a company. āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (Deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϰ (tax-er) āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž (dharona) āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦā§āϧāĻŋ (upolobdhi) āĻāϰ⧠(kore), āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ (apni) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ (arthik) āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋ (bibriti) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ (bishleshon) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ (company) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻĻāĻā§āώāϤāĻž (dokkhota) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ (mulyayan) āĻāϰāĻžāϰ (karar) āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ (shomoy) āĻāϰ⧠(aro) āϏāĻā§āϤāύāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ (sochetanbhabe) āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāύā§āϤ (siddhanto) āύāĻŋāϤ⧠(nite) āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύ (paren).
In conclusion, deferred tax, while sounding complex, is a fundamental concept in accounting that bridges the gap between accounting profits and taxable income. āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āώ⧠(Poriseshe), āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ (deferred) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax), āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ (jotil) āĻļā§āύāĻžāϞā§āĻ (shonaleo), āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ā§āϰ (accounting-er) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ (moulik) āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž (dharona) āϝāĻž (ja) āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻ (accounting) āϞāĻžāĻ (labh) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻāϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝ (korjoggo) āĻāϝāĻŧā§āϰ (aayer) āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠(moddhe) āϝā§āĻāϏā§āϤā§āϰ (jogsutro) āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ (sthapon) āĻāϰ⧠(kore). Understanding its nuances enables a clearer assessment of a companyâs financial health and future tax liabilities. āĻāϰ (er) āϏā§āĻā§āώā§āĻŽāϤāĻž (sukkota) āĻŦā§āĻāĻž (bujha) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ (company) āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ (arthik) āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻĨā§āϝ (sastho) āĻāĻŦāĻ (ebong) āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ (bhabisyoter) āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ (tax) āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻā§āϞā§āϰ (daigulo) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ (ekti) āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ (sposto) āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ (mulyayan) āϏāĻā§āώāĻŽ (sokkom) āĻāϰ⧠(kore).